Call for a worldwide botanical database
update: 22 sept. 1999
A first english version was made from french by AltaVista
Translations
Aim
to make botanical data available on Internet :
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description of all species, including pictures,
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computer-aided specimen identification,
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geographical distribution.
Motivation
Currently these basic scientific data, which moreover refer to a threatened
inheritance of humanity are in:
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publications on paper, little diffused,
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disconnected databases, generally without biological information and pictures,
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regional floras, on paper, subject to copyright restrictions.
At a time when thousands of species are disappearing forever, sometimes
even before description, it would be irresponsible (and absurd) not to
make an inventory of the biological inheritance of our earth. But how can
we preserve what is poorly known? Knowledge which is too difficult to access
is unusable. Nowadays a botanist has to travel to study herbaria, libraries.
The difficulty of accessing information leads him to delay publications
of new species, or to publish synonyms.
It is obvious that only data processing can carry out and make available
this inventory. There is currently no other botanical project of a sufficient
scale, except perhaps the project " Species Plantarum " of the IOPI (International
Organization for Plant Information ), which seems to be in preliminary
phase.
How is it possible that such a desirable and feasible project isn't
in progress?
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funds go rather to biotechnologies than to descriptive biology,
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taxonomists are not aware of the huge possibilities of computers and networks,
and loose a lot of energy in solving the relatively small problem of synomyms
and accepted names,
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software engineers don't have the biological knowledge.
It is our hope that a sufficient number of software engineers will join
the project, without waiting for public funding, in the understanding that
this is a great project for humanity, and also a great, far-reaching, and
enjoyable software project.
Vision
Imagine you're in nature, with a portable computer running the botanical
database, with a camera, a GPS, and a wireless Internet connection. Suddenly
you meet a remarkable plant; you show it to the computer, which asks you
two questions about the number of carpels, and the shape of hairs (answers
needs a cutting of the ovary, and lenses). The computer tells you that
this a new location of Strasburgeria robusta, which was thought to exist
only in New Caledonia. You are proposed to send e-mails to the specialists
of the Strasburgeriaceae, and of the region, and to collect a herbarium
specimen. Meanwhile this discovery, complete with images and geographical
coordinates, is sent to the global database, and the updated repartition
map appears on the screen.
Data-processing
The botanical data will be available for any data-processing:
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identification of samples
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biogeography
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chromosomal studies
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consolidation and taxonomic confrontations of data
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machine translations
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confrontations with nonbotanical data:
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zoological: pollinating, disseminators, parasites, herbivores
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biochemical: e.g. correlation between molecules and taxonomy
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paleontological
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ecological - phytosociological, pedological, climatic: search of correlation,
analyze of vicarious species
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agronomic, plant uses, ethnobotany
In theory the botanical data are well structured, but this structure exists
only on paper :
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a species is defined by a Latin description, and herbarium samples;
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the description defining a species appears in a publication;
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scientific publications refer to defined species;
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live specimens, seeds, and herbarium samples also refer to defined species.
The existence of a data-processing universal reference does not eliminate
the need for scientific reviews and books, but on the contrary adds value
to them.
Principles for action
Working groups
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families or genus
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regions
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data processing
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data bases, network
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image processing and pattern recognition
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processing of natural language, expert systems
Manner of working will be similar to that of major data-processing projects
under GNU public licence (Linux, Emacs, Perl, TCL, etc), except that here
the emphasis is put on the data more than on the software:
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robust software architecture, conceived by a small team, experienced in
data processing and botany
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contribution of the world botanical community, and of a large number of
software engineers, thanks to Internet
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availability for a large audience of information by means of very ergonomic
interfaces
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taking into account of the existing data and software : flora, data bases,
DELTA software, etc...
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use of proven technologies
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search for financing of the sponsors type: genetic, pharmaceutical industries,
agronomy, WWF, UNO, etc