Natural crop protection
in the Tropics
by
Gaby Stroll ,
1986 ,
Copyright
Margraf Publishers Scientific Books
SABADILLA – Schoennocaulon officinale
General
Sabadilla is a perennial, 50 cm tall, lily-like plant which originated in Venezuela, Colombia and Mexico (116). The parts wich insecticidal properrties are maily the spikes with immature capsule of seeds (4).
Effective Range
Contact- and stomach poison (116).
Inseticidal, repellent, rodenticidal (4,52).
Espace pour photo de Sabadilla
Target insecte
Aphids - general (4)
Armyworm - Spodoptera abyssina (52)
Armyworm - Spodoptera eridania (52)
Avocado lace bug - Ancysta perseae (71)
Cabbage looper - Trichoplusia ni (52)
Cockroaches - general (52)
European corn borer - Ostrinia nubilalis (52)
Flea beetles - general (4)
Gras hoppers - general (4)
Green stink bug - Acrosternum hilaris (71)
Hairy chinch bug - Blissus hirtus (
Leaf bug - Leptoglossus australis (4)
Leaf eating caterpillars - general (4)
Melon worm - Diaphania hyalinata (52)
Potato jassid - Empoasca fabae (71)
Silkworm - Bombix mori (4)
Stinkbug - Bagrada spp. (4)
Thrips - general (71)
Sabadilla has not proved to be effective against:
Dock aphid - Aphis
Peach aphid - Myzus persicae
Spittle bug - Philaenus leucophthalmus
Remarks
*In contrast to freshly pulverised sabadilla seeds, seeds which have been pulverised for a longer period have a greater insecticidal action. Trials show that the toxicity of a kerosene extract increases with the passage of time, but is must be stored in the dark. There it will remain stable for 1-2 years. Light reduces the effectiveness rapidly (4).
*At room temperature freshy- powdered sabadilla seeds were no effective. By raising temperature of the extractive, however, all inactive samples became potentially toxic. Temperature levels below 75°C caused the initial increase in toxicity, the optimum temperature being 150°C. This temperature appared most favourable for making available the toxic constituents of sabadilla in kerosene.
*Sabadilla preparations are extremely toxic to honey bees.
Methods of Use
*A highly toxic preparation can be made by heating 500 gm seed in 4 litres of kerosene for 1 hour at a temperature of 150°C. Heating increases the effectivity (133).
*The toxicity of the powdered seeds is also raised when they are heated whithout the addition of other substances (133).
*The application of heat to the powdered seed and treatment of the powdered seed with soda ash prior to extraction also increased the toxicity of inactive compounds to a considerable degree. When using the combinaison of both soda ash treatment and heat treatment a temperature of 60°C is sufficient to produce an effective (4). Lime and wood ash could also be tried to alkalize the solution (59).
*Good results were obtained with aqueous extracts of sabadilla pretreated with soda-ash against grasshoppers and othrer insects. An extract description of quantities and effectiveness against specific pests was not given (4).
*A 20% sabadilla powder effectively reduced the population of potato jassids (Empoasca fabae). Thrips were only reduced (71).
*A 10% sabadilla powder diluted with talc and used at the rate of 120 kg per hectare produced a more than 90% reduction of hairy chinch bugs (Blissus hirtus) (46).
*Sabadilla powder in combinaison with derris dust successfully controlled cabbage worms and tent caterpillars and was particulary effective against Tephroclystia absinthista (4).