RYANIA – Ryania speciosa

General

The ryanias are found in the northern parts of South America and the Amazon basin. The most important is Ryania speciosa and the useful parts of the plant are principally the roots and stalks.

Effective Range

Contact- and stomac poison.

It acts slowwly, but is highly effective, even when the insect does not appear to have been immediately affected. Eating, movement and breeding gradually cease after contact (70).

Target Insects

Black carpet beetle               - Attagenus piceus      (133)

Codling moth                         - Cydia pomonella       (133)

American bollworm               - Heliothis armigera     (70)

European corn borer            - Ostrinia nubilatis        (133)

Melon worm                           - Diaphania hyalinata   (133)

Oriental fruit moth                 - Cydia molesia            (133)

Imported cabbage worm               - Pieris rapae               (133)

Squash bug                           - Anasa tristis               (133)

Ryania is not effective against :

House flies                            -                           (133)

Onion thrips                           - Thrips tabac               (116)

Pea aphid                     - Acyrtosiphon pisum  (133)

Red mites                    - Tetranychus spp.      (116)

Squash vine borer                - Melitta cucurbitae      (70)

Tobacco hornworn                - Manduca sexta          (70)

Remarks

*Toxicity for vertebrates is very low (70).

*The activesubstances are more stable than those found inthe pyrethrin and rotenone bearing plants. This quality endows ryania with a longer during effetivity hich lasts in the field from 5-9 days (164,116).

*Ryania works simultaneously against the maize stem borer and corn smut (70).

Methods of Use

Ryania can be used as a poder or aa spray. The poder is soluble in ater, alcohol, chloroform, acetone, ect.After several extractions in a solvent there remains an amo       , non-volatile, very stable powder hich is 700 times more effective than the origonalplant material (70).

*Ryania powder

Dreid roots, leaves or stalks are finely pulverised and mixed with an inert dilutant such as talc or clay. A 40% ryania powder used at the rate of 42 kg per hectare is effective against maize stem borers when dusted on the plants one week after the moths started to emerge (134).

*Sprays

30-40 gm ryania powder dissolved in 7-8 litres of water and filtered is recommended as a spray to combat the codling moth (161). In fruit gardens spraying against caterpillars and beetles every 10-14 days is recommended (35).